Questions in/on Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's Commencement Address at Harvard (1978)

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1. What is it that the Western world doesn't understand about the essence of other worlds? 

2. What does he mean by "a decline in courage in the West"?

3. How has "the constant desire to have still more things and a still better life, and the struggle to obtain them" affected many Western faces?

4. What's wrong with a society with no other scale but the legal one? Why is it not worthy of man? What does he mean when he says "A society which is based on the letter of the law and never reaches any higher is scarcely taking advantage of the high level of human possibilities" What human possibilities? 

5. What difference does it entail in defending human obligations, rather than human rights? ("The defence of individual rights has reached such extremism as to make society as a whole defenceless against certain individuals. It is time, in the West, to defend not so much human rights as human obligations.")

6. In what way can "the right not to know" be a more valuable one than "the right to know everything"?

7. What constitutes gossip, nonsense, and vain talk?

8. How accurate was he when he diagnosed the psychic disease of the twentieth century as "hastiness and superficiality"? 

9. Why do a number of critics who are dissatisfied with the West turn to socialism? Why does he say this is a "false and dangerous current"?

10. Why does one need a spiritual training? Is it true that "Life's complexity and mortal weight have produced stronger, deeper, and more interesting characters than those generated by standardised Western well-being."? Why do "stronger deeper, more interesting characters" matter?

11. What does the human soul long for after suffering decades of violence and oppression?

12. What does legalistic thinking about a problem induce?

13. How did the basis for government and social science become "rationalistic humanism or humanistic autonomy", "the proclaimed and enforced autonomy of man from any higher force above him"?

14. What are the effects of the Enlightenment, its new way of thinking?

15. What is higher meaning of human life beyond physical well-being and accumulate of material goods?

16. Does freedom solve all the problems of human life?

17. What's the expense of placing too much hope in political and social reforms?

18. What does a spiritual life mean to a modern man?

19. What does a life that fulfils its permanent duty look like?

20. What can raise man above the stream of materialism?

21. Why should revise the fundamental definitions of human life and human society? "Is it true that man is above everything?"

22. What does rising to "a new height of vision, a new level of life" entail?








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